
Pain is most often treated with injections, oral medications or nerve blocks as non-surgical options based on the reason for the pain. However, if these treatments fail and the pain becomes chronic, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) may be considered in consultation with your PCA physician. PNS is a minimally invasive, surgical procedure which implants electrodes directly on the nerves or under the skin where the pain is occurring. PNS could be a treatment option if you are living with pain from cluster headaches or migraines, complex regional pain syndrome, post amputation or phantom limb pain among other conditions.